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[Spring]Idea创建Spring框架及新增自己的Controller

如上一篇博文介绍的创建Maven工程的方法，创建Spring的Maven工程。

image015

Pom文件的配置： 

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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.coinidea</groupId>
  <artifactId>web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>hive.web Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>web</finalName>
  </build>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>people.apache.snapshots</id>
      <url>http://repository.apache.org/content/groups/snapshots-group/</url>
      <releases>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
</project>

本地安装Tomcat，如果不知道Tomcat的安装方式，请自己搜索一下。

Tomcat的配置

  1. Run -> Edit Configurations，点击”+”，选择Tomcat Local。
    image017
  2. 在“Server” Tab，配置Tomcat的本地路径；在“Deployment”选择”+”->Artifact。
  3. 运行起来之后，会弹出默认的Hello World。
  4. 新建自己的Controller
  5. web.xml的配置
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

值得注意的是，上述的servlet-mapping的default配置解决了Spring静态文件404的问题。
其他所有的URL都会通过dispatcher的配置进行URL mapping。
7. dispatcher-servlet.xml的配置

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd"
       default-lazy-init="false">
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 -->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.coinidea.controller"/>
    <!-- 对转向页面的路径解析。prefix：前缀， suffix：后缀 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

指定了jsp的view文件夹在/WEB-INF/views/以及运行使用Spring的注解功能。所有的Controller都会去package com.coinidea.controller中寻找。
8. FirstHello Controller

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package com.cmri.web.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/first")
public class TestController {
       @RequestMapping("hello")
       public ModelAndView view() {
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
           mv.addObject("message", "HelloWorld!");
           mv.setViewName("hello");
           return mv;
       }
}

hello.jsp在views文件夹中：

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>hello world</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>

当浏览器中访问http://localhost:8080/first/hello会显示：
image019
9. Java Web API Controller
当需要响应Ajax的请求时，函数需要加上注解：

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@RequestMapping("ajax")
@ResponseBody
public String ajax() {
    return "Hello world";
}